Dog diseases are a wide range of health conditions affecting dogs of all breeds and ages. These conditions can range from viral and bacterial infections to genetic and inherited disorders to chronic and degenerative diseases.
These diseases can cause various symptoms, such as coughing, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and joint pain. It is important to take preventative measures such as regular vet check-ups and vaccinations and seek prompt treatment if you notice any illness in your dog. Consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
In this blog, we’ll discuss the most common diseases of dogs, their symptoms, and their prevention. We will also answer some of the most asked questions.
List of most common dog diseases:
- Canine parvovirus
- Canine distemper
- Kennel cough
- Rabies
- Lyme disease
- Heartworm
- Hip dysplasia
- Diabetes
- Cancer
- Gastrointestinal disorders (such as bloat and inflammatory bowel disease)
1. Canine parvovirus
The canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects dogs, specifically puppies and young dogs whose immune system is not yet fully developed.
The virus attacks the intestinal tract and can lead to severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and in some cases, death.
The virus spreads through contact with infected feces and can also spread through contaminated objects such as clothing, shoes, and food bowl.
Canine parvovirus Symptoms
Symptoms of CPV typically appear within 3-10 days of exposure and include severe vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody), loss of appetite, and fever.
As the virus attacks the cells lining the intestinal tract, it can lead to secondary bacterial infections and sepsis. The virus can quickly lead to dehydration, which can be life-threatening.
Canine parvovirus Diagnosis
A diagnosis of CPV is made through clinical signs, physical examination, and laboratory testing.
Treatment for CPV typically involves hospitalization for IV fluids and medications to control vomiting and diarrhea. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat secondary bacterial infections.
Canine parvovirus Prevention
Prevention of CPV can be achieved by vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with potentially infected dogs.
Even with treatment, not all dogs will survive CPV, and those that do may have long-term health issues. So, it’s important to take preventative measures to protect your dog from this deadly disease.
2. Canine distemper
Canine distemper is a serious viral disease that affects dogs of all ages and can have severe health consequences if left untreated.
The virus attacks a dog’s respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. It is highly contagious and spread through respiratory secretions such as saliva, nasal discharge, and urine.
The virus can also be spread through contaminated objects such as food, bowls, or clothing.
Symptoms
Symptoms of distemper usually appear between 6-20 days after exposure and can vary depending on the stage of the infection.
In the early stages, symptoms may include fever, runny nose, watery eyes, coughing, and vomiting. As the disease progresses, it can lead to neurological symptoms such as seizures, twitching, and muscle weakness.
In advanced stages, it can also lead to chronic health problems such as hard pad disease, encephalitis, or eye infections.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of distemper is made through clinical signs, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Treatment for distemper typically involves supportive care such as fluids and antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for the virus itself, and the outcome is often poor.
Prevention
Prevention of distemper is achieved through vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with potentially infected dogs.
It’s important to have your dog vaccinated against distemper as it is one of the core vaccines recommended by veterinarians.
3. Kennel cough
Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that affects dogs. The infection is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial pathogens, most commonly Bordetella bronchiseptica and Canine parainfluenza virus.
The disease is spread through respiratory secretions, such as saliva and nasal discharge, and can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects, such as food bowls or clothing.
Symptoms
Symptoms of kennel cough usually appear within 3-10 days of exposure and include a persistent hacking cough, gagging, and retching. Some dogs may also have runny noses and eyes, but others may have no visible signs of illness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of kennel cough is typically made through a physical examination and the characteristic cough. Treatment for kennel cough typically involves supportive care such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter cough suppressants. Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is a secondary bacterial infection.
Prevention
Prevention of kennel cough is achieved through vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with potentially infected dogs.
It’s important to note that dogs at higher risk of contracting kennel coughs, such as those that frequently visit kennels or dog parks, should be vaccinated against the disease.
4. Rabies
Rabies is a serious viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including dogs. The disease is caused by a rabies virus transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite or scratch. Once symptoms appear, the disease is almost always fatal in dogs and other mammals.
Symptoms
Symptoms of rabies in dogs can vary but usually appear within 2-8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and behavioral changes such as aggression or shyness. As the disease progresses, symptoms can include seizures, paralysis, and excessive salivation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of rabies is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and a history of exposure to a potentially infected animal. As rabies is fatal, no treatment is available once symptoms appear.
Prevention
Prevention of rabies is achieved through vaccination, avoiding contact with potentially infected wild animals, and seeking medical attention immediately after a bite or scratch from a wild animal.
It’s important to note that rabies vaccination is a legal requirement in many areas, and it’s important to comply with local laws.
5. Lyme disease
Lyme disease, also known as borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to dogs through the bite of an infected tick.
It is most commonly found in areas where the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is prevalent.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Lyme disease in dogs can vary and may not appear for several weeks or even months after the tick bite. Some dogs may not show any symptoms at all.
Common symptoms include fever, lameness, swollen joints, loss of appetite, and lethargy. In severe cases, Lyme disease can lead to kidney failure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Lyme disease is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and a history of exposure to ticks.
Treatment typically involves antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, dogs may require hospitalization for treatment of severe symptoms.
Prevention
Lyme disease is prevented through tick control, regular tick checks, and using tick-preventative products. Vaccination is also available for dogs at high risk of exposure to ticks.
It’s important to note that early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications and long-term health issues for your dog.
6. Heartworm
Heartworm is a parasitic infection caused by a worm called Dirofilaria immitis that affects dogs and other mammals.
The worms are transmitted to dogs through the bite of an infected mosquito. Once inside the dog’s body, the worms will migrate to the heart and lung vessels, where they can grow and reproduce.
Symptoms
Symptoms of heartworm in dogs can vary, and there may be no symptoms in the early stages. As the infection progresses, symptoms can include a mild persistent cough, fatigue after moderate activity, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. In advanced cases, a heartworm can lead to heart failure and death.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of heartworm is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and a history of mosquito exposure.
Treatment typically involves administering medication to kill the adult worms and managing any symptoms caused by the infection.
Prevention
Prevention of heartworm is achieved through regular testing and administering preventative medication. It’s important to note that heartworm prevention is an ongoing process, and it’s important to stick with a preventative regimen recommended by your veterinarian.
Also, it’s important to remember that heartworm is more prevalent in certain regions with high mosquito populations and areas with warm climates, where it is more important to take preventive measures.
7. Hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition that affects the hip joint of dogs. It occurs when the hip joint is malformed, causing the thigh bone to not fit properly into the hip socket.
This leads to the degeneration of the joint over time, resulting in arthritis and other problems.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs can vary depending on the severity of the condition and can range from mild to severe.
Common symptoms include stiffness and reluctance to move, difficulty standing or climbing stairs, lameness, and a “bunny hopping” gait. In severe cases, dogs may be unable to walk or move around comfortably.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hip dysplasia is made through a combination of physical examination, x-rays, and a history of symptoms.
Prevention
Prevention of hip dysplasia is challenging as it is a genetic condition, and it’s important to be aware of the breed’s predisposition to the disease. However, proper nutrition and avoiding obesity can reduce the risk of developing hip dysplasia.
8. Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects a dog’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels.
It occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, or when the body cannot use insulin effectively.
Symptoms
Symptoms of diabetes in dogs can include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, increased appetite, and a dull, dry coat. In advanced cases, diabetes can lead to complications such as cataracts, nerve damage, and infections.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of diabetes is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and a physical examination. Treatment typically involves administering insulin injections and managing the dog’s diet and exercise routine.
Prevention
Prevention of diabetes is not possible as it is a chronic disease and genetic and environmental factors generally cause it. However, maintaining a healthy weight and diet can reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires close monitoring and management, and regular visits to the veterinarian are necessary to manage the condition and prevent complications.
9. Cancer
Cancer is a serious disease that can affect dogs of all ages and take many forms. Some common types of cancer in dogs include lymphoma, osteosarcoma, mammary gland tumors, and skin tumors.
The exact cause of cancer in dogs is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cancer in dogs can vary depending on the type and stage. Some common symptoms include lumps or bumps on the skin, weight loss, loss of appetite, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cancer in dogs is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and imaging such as x-rays or ultrasounds. Treatment options can include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Prevention
Prevention of cancer in dogs is not possible as it is a disease that can have multiple causes. However, early detection through regular vet check-ups and screenings can increase the chances of successful treatment.
Cancer can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life, so it’s important to work closely with your veterinarian to manage and treat the condition.
10. Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal disorders refer to a wide range of health conditions that can affect the digestive system of dogs. Some common gastrointestinal disorders in dogs include:
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be caused by infection, injury, or certain medications.
- Enteritis: Inflammation of the small intestine, which infection, food allergies, or other underlying conditions can cause.
- Colitis: Inflammation of the large intestine, which infection, food allergies, or other underlying conditions can cause.
- Bloat: A serious condition known as Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), where the stomach becomes distended with gas and may twist on itself. It’s a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A group of chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which various factors, including infection, food allergies, and underlying medical conditions, can cause.
Symptoms
Symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in dogs can vary depending on the condition but may include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders is made through clinical signs, laboratory testing, and imaging such as x-ray or ultrasounds. Treatment options can include medication, dietary changes, and surgery.
Prevention
Feeding a balanced diet, providing clean and fresh water, and maintaining good hygiene practices can prevent gastrointestinal disorders.
How to diagnose common dog diseases
The diagnosis of common dog diseases typically involves a combination of several methods, including:
- Physical examination: A veterinarian will examine the dog’s overall health, including their body condition, temperature, pulse, and respiration rate. They will also look for any signs of infection or inflammation, such as lumps, bumps, or discharge.
- Laboratory testing: Blood tests, urine analysis, and fecal examinations can help to diagnose various dog diseases by detecting the presence of specific pathogens or abnormal levels of certain substances in the body.
- Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans can help to visualize internal organs and detect abnormalities such as tumors, organ damage, or joint problems.
- Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope to detect cancer or other abnormal cells.
- Specific test: Some diseases may require specific tests, such as a heartworm antigen test to diagnose heartworm disease or Cushing’s disease test to diagnose Cushing’s disease.
A veterinarian can only make a definitive diagnosis and will consider all the results, the animal’s history, and other relevant data.
What are the symptoms of dog diseases?
The symptoms of dog diseases can vary depending on the condition and may include the following:
- Respiratory issues: Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing.
- Digestive issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
- Skin and coat issues: Rashes, hair loss, itching, and scabs.
- Neurological issues: Seizures, loss of coordination, and behavioral changes.
- Musculoskeletal issues: Lameness, stiffness, and difficulty moving.
- Eye issues: Redness, discharge, and cloudiness.
- Cardiac issues: Rapid or irregular heartbeat, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
- Urinary issues: Increased urination, straining to urinate, and blood in the urine.
- Reproductive issues: Abnormal swelling or discharge from the genitals.
How can I treat my dog’s symptoms of a disease?
Treatment for your dog’s disease symptoms will depend on the specific condition and the severity of the symptoms. Here are some general guidelines for treating your dog’s symptoms:
- Consult with a veterinarian: A veterinarian can diagnose the condition and recommend an appropriate treatment plan.
- Medication: Depending on the condition, your dog may require antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or pain relievers.
- Diet: Some conditions may require a special diet, such as a low-fat diet for dogs with pancreatitis or a low-protein diet for dogs with kidney disease.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove tumors or repair structural abnormalities.
- Rehabilitation: Dogs with musculoskeletal or neurological conditions may require rehabilitation to help them regain strength and mobility.
- Home care: Your veterinarian may recommend home care measures such as keeping your dog calm and quiet, providing a warm and comfortable place to rest, and administering medication as directed.
How can I prevent my dog from getting a disease in the future?
Here are some general guidelines for preventing your dog from getting a disease in the future:
- Vaccination: Keep your dog up-to-date on their vaccinations according to your veterinarian’s recommendations.
- Parasite control: Use preventative measures to control fleas, ticks, and worms.
- Diet and exercise: Provide a balanced diet and regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight and overall wellness.
- Prevent contact with infected animals: Avoid contact with animals known to have contagious diseases and limit your dog’s exposure to wild animals.
- Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help to detect and diagnose potential health issues early on.
- Dental Care: Regular dental care is important to prevent oral diseases, such as tartar and plaque buildup, gum disease, and tooth loss.
- Environmental control: Keep your dog’s living area clean and free of contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, or other toxins.
- Genetic testing: For some specific breeds, it’s recommended to test your dog for genetic diseases to prevent them or to treat them early.
Conclusion
Lastly, many common dog diseases can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. It is important to be aware of these diseases’ signs and symptoms and consult with a veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog’s health.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent serious complications and improve the chances of a successful recovery. Additionally, proper preventative measures, such as vaccination, parasite control, and regular check-ups, can help to reduce the risk of your dog contracting a disease. It’s also important to provide a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a clean and safe environment for your dog. Proper care and management can help to ensure your dog’s overall health and well-being.
